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clerical fascism
Clerical fascism is an ideology that combines the political and economic doctrines of fascism with clericalism, i.e. a specific religious tradition. The term has been used to describe organizations and movements that combine religious elements with fascism, support by religious organizations for fascism, or fascist regimes in which clergy play a leading role.
==History==
The term clerical fascism emerged in the early 1920s in Italy, referring to the faction of the Catholic Partito Popolare Italiano which supported Benito Mussolini and his régime; it was supposedly coined by Don Luigi Sturzo, a priest and Christian Democrat leader who opposed Mussolini and went into exile in 1924, although the term had also been used before Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922 to refer to Catholics in Northern Italy who advocated a synthesis of Catholicism and fascism.〔Walter Laqueur, ("The Origins of Fascism: Islamic Fascism, Islamophobia, Antisemitism" ), Oxford University Press, 25.10.2006〕
Sturzo made a distinction between the "filofascists", who left the Catholic PPI in 1921 and 1922, and the "clerical fascists" who stayed in the party after the March on Rome, advocating collaboration with the fascist government.〔Carlo Santulli, ''Filofascisti e Partito Popolare (1923-1926)'' (dissertation), Università di Roma - La Sapienza, 2001, p. 5.〕 Eventually, the latter group converged with Mussolini, abandoning the PPI in 1923 and creating the Centro Nazionale Italiano. The PPI was disbanded by the Fascist régime in 1926.〔Carlo Santulli, Id.〕
The term has since been used by scholars seeking to contrast authoritarian-conservative 'clerical fascism' with more radical variants.〔H.R. Trevor-Roper, "The Phenomenon of Fascism", in S. Woolf (ed.), ''Fascism in Europe'' (London: Methuen, 1981), especially p.26. Cited in Roger Eatwell, ("Reflections on Fascism and Religion" )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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